The dictionary ≪Xiandai Hanyu Cidian≫ is one of the most well known among the Chinese. Although the dictionary is well written, we can still find some problems in it. ≪Xiandai Hanyu Cidian≫ assists that “YIhu Xunchang” is kind of fixed structure. Lots of dictionaries published in China have the same viewpoint about it, but I do not agree with them. There is a term “Yiyu” which is similar to “Yihu”, but some dictionaries like ≪Zhongchao Cidian≫ and ≪Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian≫ argue that “Yiyu” is a verb, then I can imagine that “Yihu” shuld be a verb. According to my research, there are lots of sentences of “yihu” which is roled as a predicate. So I analyse the structure “Yihu Xunchang” as a predicate - object, and I argue that this is a simple conbine of the two words “Yihu” and “Xunchang”. In a sentence of “A Yihu B”, the transitive verb “Yihu” tells the relation of A and B, so it is kind of a verb of relationship. In my opinion, the classification and the meanings of the term are as follows: 「【Yihu】 yìhū transitive verb yiyu; butong yu: ~xunchang | yantanjuzhi~changren | ~changtai | ~wangri sengtuan zhong suoyou de jihui」
現代漢語中有不少固定結構,依據《現代漢語詞典》(以下簡稱《現漢》),“異乎尋常”正是其中之一。中國出版的其他詞典如《中朝詞典》(以下簡稱《中朝》)、《現代漢語規範詞典》(以下簡稱《規範》)等基本上都遵循《現漢》的觀點。但我們認為“異乎尋常”不一定是固定結構,它只是由及物動詞“異乎”與形容詞“尋常”名物化而構成的述賓結構。 《中朝》、《規範》等都將“異於”看成是詞。“異乎”與“異於”具有相同的意思、相似的結構,而且“乎”是不自由語素,那麼“異乎”只能是一個詞。這種推論雖然是很合理的,但我們還需要在現實語言中找到證據。 但在現實語言中“異乎”與“異於”都具有一定的組合能力,且其後面一定出現賓語。“異於”是一個及物動詞,那麽“異乎”也跟“異於”一樣,是一個及物動詞。 如果“異乎”是關係動詞, 那麽所表達的是“個體”、“單獨情況”等與“常態”、“一般情況”的不同。相比的兩者不是對等的。這點與“異於”不同。 《現漢》、《中朝》、《規範》等詞典都收有“異乎尋常”,《現漢》、《中朝》、《規範》等詞典都將“尋常”看成是詞,但它們却沒將“異乎”看成是詞,這意味着它們都將“異乎尋常”看成是固定結構。它們的這種處理法不合乎語言實際。 基於這種認識,我們認為“異乎尋常”,並不是固定結構,而只是“異乎”與“尋常”的簡單相加,是自由結構類型的述賓結構。“異乎”與“等於”一樣屬於關係及動物詞。 我們有關“異乎”的詞性、釋義的觀點如下: 「【異乎】 yìhū 及物動詞 異於;不同於:∼尋常|言談舉止∼常人|∼常態|∼往日僧團中所有的集會」
1. 序言
2. 及物動詞“異於”
3. 及物動詞“異乎”
4. 及物動詞“異乎”的成因及動詞類型
5. 結論
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