“常常”词义中的时、动量因素分析

Analysis of Time Quantity and Motion Quantity Factors in the Meanings of “Changchang (often)”

The word “Changchang (often)”is generally regarded as a time adverb or a frequency adverb. Most dictionaries lay emphasis on its meanings of “large number of actions,” “short unit time” and “short time interval.” That is why the meanings of “Changchang (often)” include both factors of time quantity and motion quantity. Its motion quantity factor lies in the number of actions. Its time quantity factor is reflected in two ways: the length of “unit time” involved in frequency and the length of “time interval” of actions. The findings of this research paper suggest that in sentences that express the frequency of actions, there exists limit of “quantity value” in the meanings of “number of actions,” “no long unit time” and “short time interval” of “Changchang (often).” “Number of actions” is limited by maximum value and minimum value while “unit time” and “time interval” are limited by maximum value. The limit of maximum and minimum values is the logical basis the validity of “Changchang” clauses. Being out of the range of their quantity value would invalidate “Changchang (often).” The limit of quantity value of “Changchang (often)” should be paid special attention to when acquiring and applying “Changchang (often)” sentences.

“常常”一般被认为是时间副词或频率副词。多数词典释“常常”时都强调“动作行为次数多”、“单位时间不长”、“间隔时间短”，可见“常常”词义中既含有动量因素，也含有时量因素。动量因素表现为动作行为发生的次数；时量因素则有两种：一是频率中涉及的“单位时间”的长度；二是动作行为发生的“间隔时间”的长度。本文观察发现，在表现动作行为频率的“常常”句中，“常常”词义中的“动作行为次数”、“单位时间”和“动作行为间隔时间”都存在“量值”的限制，其中“动作行为次数”有最大值和最小值的限定，“单位时间”与“间隔时间”都有最小值的限定。它们是“常常”句成立的逻辑基础，如果超出了各自的量值范围，“常常”就会用错。这是“常常”句习得和应用时应特别注意的问题。