现代汉语类词缀“界”、“坛”、“圈”比较及教学研究

A Study on the Contrast and Education of the Modern Chinese Quasi-affix “界”，“坛”，“圈”

In the past, the research on the quasi-affixes “界”, “坛”and “圈”mainly focused on semantics and structure. So far no scholars have conducted more specific research on teaching strategies. This article refers to the “Modern Chinese Dictionary ( Revised Edition) ” and “Kangxi Dictionary”and modern Chinese corpus. The semantic evolution of “界”,“坛”and “圈”is analyzed. Then 350 relevant corpora were retrieved through PFR, CCL, BCC and other corpora, and the category difference between the three affix-like syllables and “X” was analyzed. “坛”is mainly combined with monosyllables to form a two-syllable vocabulary. “界”and “圈 are mostly combined with two syllables, and there are various combinations of syllables. “坛”often forms new words with vocabulary in the fields of sports and literature. “界”is easier combined with professional domain vocabulary. and “圈”is frequently combined with human-related vocabulary. And according to the characteristics of quasi-affixes, a teaching strategy is formulated. Including quasi-affix semantic development teaching method, schematic teaching method, morpheme expansion teaching method, cultural teaching method, analogy teaching method and semantic field teaching method (synonymous meaning field and upper and lower meaning field teaching methods), etc. teaching method.

以往针对类词缀“界”、“坛”、“圈”主要从语义、结构等方面进行了分析，至今还没有学者进行更具体的教学研究。本文参考了《现代汉语词典》与《康熙字典》等辞书以及现代汉语语料对“界”、“坛”、“圈”的语义演变进行了分析。再通过《人民日报》标注语料库、北京大学语料库、BCC等语料库检索到了350个相关语料，利用语料分析了三个类词缀音节与“X”的范畴差异。“坛”主要与单音节组合构成双音节词汇，而“界”和“圈”多与双音节组合，并存在多样的音节组合式。“坛”多与体育、文艺领域词汇构成新的词语。“界”与专业领域词汇更容易组成新词，“圈”与指人词汇语素组合的情况较多。并根据语义与范畴等特征，制定了个体与整体的教学策略。包括了类词缀语义发展教学法、图式教学法、语素扩展构词教学法、文化教学法、类比教学法以及语义场教学法（同义义场与上下义义场教学法）等多元化的教学方法。