汉语焦点算子“才”同韩国语表达类型的对比研究

A Comparative Study of Chinese Focus Operator “Cai” and Korean Expression Types

The Chinese adverb “cai” has complex semantics and is an important focus operator that affects the focus of a sentence. Previous studies have focused on the semantic and syntactic characteristics of “cai”, and there have been few studies on “cai” from the perspective of language comparison. From the perspective of language comparison, this study examines the different types of Chinese focus operator “cai” and their corresponding expressions in Korean, and compares the similarities and differences in the expressions of “cai” in the two languages. The preliminary summary as follows: in terms of corresponding types, Chinese and Korean are one-to-many readiation states, and the focus operator “cai” can correspond to Korean adverbs, auxiliary words, conjunctive endings, mixed forms; in terms of focus position, both Chinese and Korean focus can be pre-positioned or post-positioned, and there are many consistent matching types, but the number of Chinese pre-positioned and post-positioned types are similar, and Korean have more pre-positioned types than post-positioned types; in terms of focus intensity, Chinese and Korean show “strong accent, weak morphological marks, and uniform intensity”, “weak accent. strong morphological marks, and gradient in intensity” respectively; in terms of information prominence, Chinese and Korean present “strong information prominence, strong subjectivity” and “weak information prominence, strong objectivity” respectively.

汉语副词“才”语义复杂，是影响句子焦点的重要焦点算子。以往研究多关注“才”的语义和句法特征。从语言对比角度对“才”展开的研究较少。本文主要从语言对比的角度出发，考察汉语焦点算子“才”的不同类型，及其韩国语对应表达方式，并对比两种语言“才”类表达的相同点和不同点，初步得出如下小结：对应类型方面，汉韩语是一对多的放射状态，焦点算子“才”可对应韩国语副词、助词、连接词尾、混合形式等多种表达；焦点位置方面，汉韩焦点皆可前置、后置，多一致匹配类型，但呈现汉语前置后置类型相当，韩国语前置多于后置的特点；焦点强度方面，汉韩语呈现“重音强，形态标记弱，强度均匀”、“重音弱，形态标记强，强度有梯度”的特点；信息突显方面，汉韩语呈现信息突显程度强、主观性强，信息突显程度弱、客观性强的特点。