《搜神记》述补宾结构研究

An analysis on the Predicate-Complement-Object structure in SouShenJi

In terms of quantity, there are a lot of Predicate-Complement-Object structures in SouShenJi. Through the research on VO(X)C，VXC，VO1CO2 and Narrative structure which exist in the same synchronic plane with VC(O) structure, we can find that the VCO structure occupies an absolute distribution advantage which accords with the development relationship between VCO and VOC in the flow of history. Qualitatively, the Predicate-Complement-Object structures in SouShenJi have certain syntactic and semantic features. Syntactically, the syntactic structure – Behavior before result after, reflected from the VCO structure accords with the syntactic requirement of the complement. But many Insertional components can get involved between V and C freely which can prove that the syntactic relationship between V and C is not close. Semantically, the semantic relationship - ‘action-result’ from VCO structure accords with the semantic requirement of the complement. But because of the insertional components the ‘action-result’ semantic relationship becomes less efficient.

从量上来看，《搜神记》中出现了大量的述补宾结构。通过对共时平面上的VO(X)C，VXC，VO1CO2，叙述型结构等的分析发现，即使不算VC结构，VCO结构也占据了绝对的分布优势，而且该分布比例符合历史洪流中VCO与VOC之间此消彼长的发展关系。从质上来看，《搜神记》中的VCO结构具有一定的句法和语义特征。句法上，VCO所体现的‘行为在前，结果在后’的句法结构符合补语语法化的句法条件，但各种性质的插入成分随意进入V与C之间，就从句法上表明了V和C之间的句法关系还不紧密。语义上，VCO所内含的“行为-结果”语义关系也符合补语语法化的语义条件，但各种插入成分的存在弱化了这一语义关系。这就从句法和语义上表明该时期的述补宾结构所处的语法环境还不成熟。