汉语保证类动词的语义演变(중국어 “보증하다” 종류 동사의 의미변화)

The semantic change of Chinese verbs of promising

This paper discusses how verbs of promising in Chinese developed from speech act verbs into modal verbs in the light of control and raising structures. The semantic change of these verbs involves their performative usage which leads to the emergence of the raising structure. However, the interrelation between the modal sense and syntactic structures appears complex, and surface structures do not correspond to a sense in a distinct way. It is possible that although both Chinese and English verbs of promising can express epistemic modality, they differ in their development pathways. Nonetheless, this development of semantic change attested in different languages may be all motivated by subjectification.

本文讨论汉语中的保证类动词“保；管；管保、保管；包、包管”等如何由言语行为动词演变为情态词。汉语保证类动词转化为情态义、出现于提升结构，与施为用法有关。保证类动词什么时候能够理解为肯定义（情态义），与句法结构有关系，情况其实比较复杂，需要具体分析。汉语和英语的保证义动词，虽然都发展出了情态义，但具体路径并不相同。但这类语义的变化背后，可能都是主观化这种机制在起作用。