“有”跟“把”字结构和“被”字结构結合分析

The combined analysis of the structure of “you” and “ba” and the structure of “bei”

This paper mainly discusses the combination of the structure of “有” and “把” and the structure of “被”. First of all, in terms of the syntactic position of “有” , it can only be located before “把” and “被”, and cannot appear before VP. “有” plays an important syntactic function in a sentence and cannot be deleted at will. Secondly, when “有” is combined with the word “把” , VP cannot be a bare verb, it is mandatory to attach other components such as complement, and when combined with the word “被”, VP can occasionally appear as a bare verb. Thirdly, when “有” is used in “把” and “被” sentences, it can basically be transformed into the “了2” sentence pattern at the end of the sentence, and the semantics are consistent. However, when the structure of “有” and “被” is combined, the experience body “过” often appears, which cannot be transformed into the sentence pattern of “了2”. Generally speaking, the meaning of “有”is still the meaning of “existence”, rather than the perfect function. It emphasizes the existence of events described by the structure of “把” and “被” which can be regarded as an Auxiliary verb expressing a sense of existence of event.

本文主要探讨了“有”跟“把”字结构和“被”字结构的结合问题。首先，“有”的句法位置来看，它只能位于“把”和“被”字前，不能出现在VP前，“有”在句中担当重要句法功能，不能随意删除。其次，“有”跟“把”字结构结合时，VP不能为光杆动词，它强制要求附带补语等其他成分，而跟“被”字句结合时，VP偶尔可以光杆形式出现。第三，“有”用于“把”字句和“被”字句中，基本上都可以变换成句末的“了2”句式，而且保持语义一致。但是当“有”跟“被”字结构结合时，经常会出现经验体“过”，此时不能变换为“了2”句式。总体来说，“有”表示的含义仍然是“存在”义，而非完成体功能，它强调的是“把”字结构和“被”字结构所描述的事件的存在，可以看成是一个表存在义的助动词。