“取得”类单音节动词的双音节词化历程

Disyllabic word formation of monosyllabic verbs of “acquisition”

The bisyllablization of vocabulary is a remarkable change on the evolution of Chinese language. Monosyllables was commonly used ancient time. The synonymy coordinate disyllable had generated from Weijin-NanBei Dynasties. It had peaked in Tang and Song Dynasties, but had begun to decrease from Yuan Dynasty. The resultative construction had increased rapidly from Ming Dynasty. So it can promote the trend of continuous development of disyllable. Actually, the original monosyllabic words in Chinese have many meanings, So can't conducive to communicative expression. These situations lead to the generation and development of double syllable words. There are many disyllable in Chinese language. The synonymy coordinate disyllable is that be discussed the most important among disyllables. This paper with four groups “obtain” type Verbs of hands action as the object of the research, will describes monosyllabic verb was how to develop a synonymy coordinate disyllables. In addition, The paper will investigate the reason why the number of synonymy coordinate disyllables had declined and the resultative construction had begun to develop since Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

动词的双音节化是汉语词汇在历时上发展的必然趋势。上古以单音节词为主，大约从魏晋南北朝起逐渐产生双音节词用例。唐宋同义并列双音词迅速发展，从元明清起双音词用例有所下降，而动补结构的数量则不断增多，所以能推动双音节化持续发展的趋势。其实汉语塬有的单音词带有不少词义，不利于交际表达。这些情况使双音词产生和发展，因此能更明确地表达日益增多的新概念和合理节制一词多义现象。双音词的种类多，其中讨论了历时上地位较高且现代常见的同义并列双音词用例。 本文以叁组“取得”类手部动词为考察对象，探讨了“取得”类各动词在双音化过程中的历时变化，以证明了同义并列双音词的构成条件、规律及其动因。此外，还对同义并列组成的双音词比例消失与动补结构产生的塬因进行研讨，并且还证明了动词与补语相搭配的规律及其塬因。