基于语料库与测试的韩国学习者结果补语习得研究

A research on the acquisition of Chinese resultant complement of Korean-speaking learners — based on the corpus and the test

Complement of result is one of the most widely and frequently used in all kinds of Chinese complements. Korean does not have complicated usage on a complement like Chinese, so Korean students feel difficult in studying Chinese and make a lot of mistakes in using Chinese. The main direction of this paper is what appears in the process of Korean students in learning and using Chinese results complement. This paper quotes the language database from character error-coded Chinese Interlanguage Corpus of Sun Yat-Sen University and the text which designed on the basis of the grammar structure difference between Chinese and Korean . This paper is a corpus-based and text analysis-based research, whose conclusions on Chinese complement and detailed analysis on the errors from learner output, is with considerable value for both Chinese Complement study and teaching theoretically and practically.

结果补语是汉语中最常用的补语类型之一，但其语义功能复杂、语法规则缺乏系统性，也没有明显的语法标记，故学习者较难正确习得。且韩语中没有类似的语法表达，韩国学习者在习得结果补语时难度较大且偏误较多。鉴于此，本文将通过自然语料收集、语法测试探讨韩国学习者结果补语的习得情况及产生偏误的原因，这对韩国学习者的结果补语教学具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。 本文第二部分考察了中山大学汉字偏误标注的汉语连续性中介语语料库，收集到25万字的韩国学习者作文语料。我们从语料中筛选出其中韩国学习者生成的结果补语句，并对其中的正确句进行分析，总结出在自然语料中出现的所有结果补语的正确使用频率从而预测不同结果补语的习得顺序；然后，对自然语料中的偏误句进行分析，统计偏误率，对偏误句进行分析并总结其偏误类型及偏误原因。本文第三部分主要为针对韩国学习者的语法测试及分析。对中山大学45名初、中、高级韩国学习者进行测试收集强制性语料，并对其进行分析。 综合语料库收集的自然语料与语法测试收集的强制性语料分析，本文发现结果补语在韩国语里的六种对应形式每一种可能会发生的偏误，偏误原因有母语负迁移，目的语规则的泛化等。最后，本文针对韩国学习者的结果补语教学提出具体的教学建议。