“难”与“易/容易”的对称和不对称研究

A study on the Symmetry and Asymmetry of ‘难Nan, (容)易(Rong)yi’

‘难Nan, (容)易(Rong)yi’ are a pair of antonyms adjectives that are frequently used in modern Chinese. They have many similar uses, but they have differences in terms of meaning, lexical, part of speech and grammatical functions. First of all, the difference between the two in terms of word formation ability is significant. ‘难Nán’ often forms a two-syllable word with other monosyllabic morphemes or words, gradually develops into a morphemes, and the ability to form words is relatively strong, On the other hand, word formation ability of ‘易yì’ is very weak; the two show a relatively formulaic symmetry in grammatical function, but there are partially differences. This paper mainly analyzes the ability to form words and grammatical the symmetry and asymmetry of ‘难Nán’ and ‘(容róng)易yì’, and explains reasons to form asymmetry of them.

“难”、“（容）易”作为现代汉语中使用频率较高的一对反义词形容词，它们有很多相同的用法，但在词义、词法、词性以及语法功能上有不一样的地方。首先两者在构词能力上差异显著，“难”常与其他单音节语素或词构成一个双音节词，渐渐地发展成为一个构词语素，构词能力相对较强，而“易”的构词能力则很弱；两者在语法功能上呈现出了比较整齐的对称性，但也存在差异，产生了不同的语法功能。本文主要对“难”、“（容）易”在构词和语法功能上的对称与不对称性进行全面地描写与讨论，并对造成不对称的原因加以解释。