从语法化看复合动趋结构的性质——兼谈对应的韩语表达

The Study on the Nature of Compound Directional Constructions from the Perspective of Grammaticalization——Also on the Correspondent Korean Expressions

Generally regarded as a verb-complement phrase, compound directional construction “V1+V2+来/去” is the important and difficult point in TCSL. In terms of historical origin and the grammaticalization of directional verbs, compound directional constructions consist of two kinds: phrases and derivative words at present, which can be specifically divided into modification phrases, verb-complement phrases, morphological words and lexical words according to the grammaticalization process. The semantic patterns are composed of “the way + the tendency movement, the path + tendency result, the root + tense-aspect affix, the root + the modal affix (means estimation ). The four natures are mainly correspondent to the four different structures in Korean language: “V1-아/어（서） V2+오다/가다”，“V1-고 V2+오다/가다”or“V1 (-었다)”，“V1(-었다)”or“V1+보조동사”，“V1-니/기에”. The establishment of the corresponding relationship not only provides a cross linguistic basis for the category of nature, but also contributes to TCSL.

复合动趋结构“V1+V2+来/去”一般看作动补短语，是对外汉语教学的重点和难点。从历史起源和趋向动词的语法化来看，目前复合动趋结构存在短语和派生词两大性质，按照语法化过程具体可分为：偏正短语、动补短语、词法词和词汇词，语义模式分别为“方式+趋向动作、途径+趋向结果、词根+时体义词缀、词根+情态义词缀（整体表估测）。四种性质分别主要对应于韩语的“V1-아/어（서） V2+오다/가다”,“V1-고 V2+오다/가다”或“V1 (-었다)”,“V1(-었다)”或“V1+보조동사”,“V1-니/기에”四种结构，这种对应关系的建立一方面为性质划分提供了跨语言依据，另一方面也有助于对韩汉语教学。