基于事件意义理论的“给”字语义分析

“To” semantic analysis

The sixth edition of modern Chinese dictionary (2015:442) points out“Give” is a Multi-category words，It can act as a verb, preposition, and auxiliary, with nine items.According to the analysis of this article, these items can be summarized as follows four kinds of semantics. 1）Accept the righteous When “give” is used as a predicate, it has the meaning of making the other person have something.That is, the indirect object (object) has the semantic function of something (direct object);As a complement to a small sentence, it also has the meaning of making the other person have something,Namely. The object of the complement structure has something, and the object can appear outside the sentence. 2）Benefit of righteousness .Damage to the righteous Benefit of righteousness： When “give” as a preposition, indicates the object of the action and the object of the introduction，It is also used for imperative sentences to strengthen the imperative mood with “benefit” semantics，In other words, “give” the complement from the light verb FOR the beneficiary. Damage to the righteous When “give” as preposition, has the meaning of the victim of introducing action, has “damaged” semantics，In other words, “give” the complement from the light verb“Damaged” to obtain the impaired person's role. 3）Passive righteousness When “give” as a preposition, the subject has some kind of encounter, it has “passive” semantics.In other words, “give” the complement of the light verb“BECOME” to obtain the impaired Mongolian's role. 4）The savior When “give” is directly used in the predicate verb to express the meaning of passive and disposing, in order to strengthen the tone.

《现代汉语词典》第六版（2015：442）指出，“给”为兼类词，可以充当动词、介词和助词，具有九种义项。根据本文的分析这些义项可以归纳为如下四种语义。 1）接受义 当“给”充当谓语时，有使对方拥有某物之语义，即，使间接宾语（对象）拥有某物(直接宾语)的语义功能；作为补语小句谓语时，同样有使对方拥有某物之语义，即。使述补结构的宾语拥有某物，而这个某物可以出现在句外。 2）受益义·受损义 受益义： 当“给”作为介词，表示行为的对象和引进动作的对象时，还有用于祈使句，加强祈使语气时，具有“受益”语义，即，“给”的补足语从轻动词FOR获得受益者题元角色。 受损义： 当“给”作为介词，具有引进动作的受害者的语义时，具有“受损”语义，即，“给”的补足语从轻动词Damaged获得受损者题元角色。 3）被动义： 当“给”作为介词，表示主语有某种遭遇时，具有“被动”语义，即，“给”的补足语从轻动词BECOME获得蒙事题元角色。 4）使成义 当“给”直接用在表示被动、处置等意义的句子的谓语动词前面，以加强语气时，具有使成语义 。