从三个平面看《齐民要术》连谓结构的特征

A Study on the Characteristic of the Serial Verb Structure in QiMinYaoShu

There are a lot of Serial Verb Constructions which are related to the historical development of the V-C-O Structure in <Qi Min Yao Shu>. Semantically, the V₁ telling the behavior locates the front, the V₂ as a supplementary note of some result or state locates the later, and a “action – result” semantic relation is formed between V₁ and V₂. This semantic relation fulfills the principle of the Chinese Time Order. Syntactically, the proportion of the V₁V₂ structure is most, the combination forms with O(object) include V₁OV₂、V₁V₂O、V₁O₁V₂O₂. The location of the object in the combination forms and other insertion components can prove the density degree of the semantic relation, syntactic relation between V₁ and V₂. It can fulfil the distribution principle of the sentence stems and the supplementary component. Pragmatically, V₁ lays particular stress on the structural focus, V₂ lays particular stress on the expression focus. And a pragmatic structure “Structural focus – Expression focus” can be formed between V₁ and V₂, this structure can fulfill the arrangement principle of the Chinese information structure. So through the analysis of the existence characteristic of the Serial Verb Construction in semantic, syntactic and pragmatic， we can master the development feature of the V-C-O structure in the Medieval Chinese period.

《齐民要术》作为中古汉语前期的代表作，其语言时代性价值相当高，书中出现了大量与现代汉语述补宾结构语法化有直接历史发展演变关系的连谓结构。 语义上，所有的连谓结构中交代行为的V₁其位置在前，补充说明由V₁所引起的某种结果或状态的V₂其位置在后，V₁和V₂之间具有“行为-结果”语义关系，该语义关系满足了汉语时间顺序原则，这为述补宾结构语法化提供了充分的语义条件。句法上，由于受该时期汉语双音节发展趋势、补语语法化进程的影响，连谓结构V₁V₂用例比例最大。同时，因连谓结构中V₁和V₂的语义特征的不同，其与宾语O的组合形式也不同，主要包括V₁OV₂结构、V₁V₂O结构、V₁O₁V₂O₂结构三种。而宾语在组合中出现的位置以及其它各种插入成分的介入又从句法上证明了连谓结构中交代行为的V₁与补充说明结果的V₂之间句法、语义关系的疏密程度。该句法结构满足了汉语主干成分与补充成分的分布原则，这为述补宾结构语法化提供了充分的句法条件。语用上，所有的连谓结构中，交代行为的V₁偏重结构重心，补充说明结果的V₂偏重表达重心，二者之间形成了“结构重心-表达重心”式语用结构，该语用结构满足了汉语信息结构的排列原则，这为述补宾结构语法化提供了充分的语用条件。