指人宾语与动量词的位置关系探讨

The position relationship between human object and momentum word

The momentum words involved in this study include the period of the movement of the action and the number of times the action occurs. It is well known that the posi-tional relation between the human object and the momentum word is asymmetrical.When the object is a general names, the momentum word can be placed before and after the object; When a person's qualifier phrase and personal pronoun, the momentum word can only be followed by the object. In addition to the time quantifier can be inserted between the general name and the other, no one can insert the word “的”。In order to explain this asymmetrical linguistic phenomenon, this paper makes a detailed analysis,which is summarized as follows: First, the structure of “refers to the noun + momentum word ”from “verb + object + verb + momentum word” word structure center shift evolved, then the momentum term for small clause predicate complement, because of the object by the main clause predicate with, Momentum complement is carried by a small sentence， Therefore, its object is not restricted and restricted. Second, the structure of the “numeral + noun persons” once the momentum term, is a adverbial VP, forming Frequency Phrase, said of bin said, the behavior of The Times, both structural relationships for the shape of the structure, so both between can't insert the word “的”. Third, the “time quantifier + noun persons” structure, which can be divided into the structure and the structure of the structure according to the word “的”between the energy structure. A word that can be inserted into a word can be considered as a definite phrase. The verb is placed under the dynamic name phrase GP, so the time quantifier is in the attributive position. Fourth, momentum term both adverbial VP, or GP in the attributive, such as V displacement after a merger with light verbs, VP and GP only within the “momentum + noun persons”, the biggest projection for the DP, because of the noun phrases in DP, can choose a numeral phrase determiner to do their own complement; Number words phrase choose a quantifier phrase to do their own complement; Quantifier phrases choose a noun phrase to do their own complement. According to the qualified words group, the pronoun can only be used as a c-command quantifier phrase (NumP), while quantifier phrases cannot be c-command pronouns, so the momentum words cannot be preceded by pronouns.

本文探讨了指人宾语与动量词的位置关系探讨。本文涉及的指人宾语包括一般人名、由指人名词构成的限定词短语以及人称代词；动量词包括表示动作行为进行的时期段和表示动作行为发生的次数。众所周知，指人宾语与动量词的位置关系有时不对称，即：宾语为一般人名时，动量词可以置于宾语的前后；宾语为指人的限定词短语和人称代词时，动量词只能位于宾语之后。除了时量词与一般人名之间可以插入“的”之外，其它均不能插入“的”字。为了解释这种不对称的语言现象，本文做了较详细的分析，概括如下： 第一，“指人名词+动量词”结构是从“动词+宾语+动词+动量词”结构中心词移位进化来的，这时的动量词为小句谓语的补足语，由于宾语由主句谓语带着，动量补语又小句主语带着，因此其宾语不受限定与非限定制约。 第二，“次数词+指人名词”结构的动量词，是VP内的状语，形成Frequency Phrase，表示述宾表示的行为的次数，两者结构关系为状中结构，因此两者之间不能插入“的”字。 第三，“时量词+指人名词”结构，根据能结构之间插入“的”字，可分为状中结构和定中结构。能插入“的”字的可以视为定中短语。述宾结构因为动名化置于动名短语GP之下，因此时量词处于定语位置。 第四， 动量词无论是VP内的状语，还是GP内的定语，等V移位与轻动词合并后，VP内和GP内只存留“动量+指人名词”，由于名词性词组的最大投射为DP，在DP内，限定词可以选择一个数词短语做自己的补足语；数词短语选择一个量词短语做自己的补足语；量词短语选择一个名词短语做自己的补足语。根据限定语词组特征，代词只能c-command数量词短语（NumP），而数量词短语不能c-command代词，因此动量词不能位于代词之前。