사동은 범언어적으로 존재하는 개념으로 현대중국어에서도 중요한 의미범주로 자리 잡고 있다. 본고는 현대중국어에서 ‘NP1+V+了/A+了+NP2+NumP’의 통사구조를 통해 사동의 의미를 나타내는 구문에 대해 행위자와 경험자의 통사적 위치가 서로 뒤바뀌어 있다는 점에 착안하여 도치식 사동문으로 규정하고, 각 논항과 술어의 통사적 출현 양상과 의미적 요소를 분석함으로써 도치식 사동문 역시 사동의 필수요건을 충족하고 있음을 논의하였다.
This study explores syntactic constraints and semantic properties of inverted causative structures in Modern Chinese. First, NP1 functions as a causer and can only be an inanimate noun or an abstractive noun. Secondly, VP of inverted causative structures can appear as an intransitive verb or a transitive verb, and most of these VPs either are Predictive Property of Adverbs or have the characteristics of an activity verb or stative verb that features a certain process. It is essential for VP to have ‘le’ to function as a Causative Predicate. Thirdly, NP2 can only be an animate noun (personal pronouns, agency noun , proper noun). In other words, NP2 can only be definite referents, not indefinite referents. Fourthly, NumP can be Temporal Classifier, Actional Classifier, Temporary Classifier, Numeral Classifier, and represents ‘result of caused event by action’ with VP. Fifthly, inverted causative structures have semantic features of [+Mirativity], [-Control], and speaker-subjectivity about by Resultive Quantity Causing Event can be involved. These structures can mean Large Subjective Quantity or Small Subjective Quantity depending on intervention of other Syntactic Elements.
1. 서론
2. 도치식 사동문의 통사적 제약
3. 도치식 사동문의 의미적 특징
4. 결론
(0)
(0)