韓漢 四字成語의 用字 차이 研究 - 한 글자만 다르게 사용된 成語를 중심으로

A study on the difference of characters between Korean and Chinese four-character idioms

Idioms comparative study of Chinese and Korean has been going on for 20 years, but so far, all the research stay in a simple list the stages of idioms, this paper think over the list of the line, for more specific research. This paper choose “一字之差” in the Chinese and Korean idioms comparison, investigated the reasons for choosing different characters between Chinese and Korean idioms. There are mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. The development direction of Chinese characters is different from Chinese 2. The way to record a concept is different from Chinese 3. There is a slight difference in meaning 4. Influenced by Korean vocabulary 5. The two countries have different cultural and cognitive psychology 6. Influenced by language borrowing and analogy In addition, Korean idioms play an important role in preserving and enriching the meanings of words.

漢韓成語的比較研究已經進行了二十幾年，但是到目前為止，所有的研究都停留在簡單的羅列成語的階段，本文想越過羅列這一界限，進行更為具體的研究。 本文選擇漢韓成語中“一字之差”的成語進行比較，考察出了漢韓成語之間選用不同字的原因，從韓語的角度來看，主要有表現在以下幾個方面： 1. 字義的發展方向與漢語不同 2. 記錄某一概念的方式與漢語不同 3. 含義上與漢語存在著細微的差異 4. 受到韓語一般詞彙的影響 5. 兩國的文化及認知心理不同 6. 語言的借用和類推等語言學方法的作用 另外，通過本文的研究不僅能具體了解到漢韓成語之間的差異及形成該差異的原因，同時也能看到帶有韓國特色的成語雖然從結構和用字上看似是中國成語，但是在漢語中卻沒有出現過，這些成語其實屬於韓國自創的成語，是韓國固有的成語。特別是像“洞房華燭”、“泰山峻嶺”、“雨後竹筍”這些成語實際上已經完完全全韓國化了。這些已經韓國化的成語在詞義的保存和豐富上都起著不可忽視的作用。