‘不’와 ‘沒’에 관한 소고 - 이론문법과 교육문법을 중심으로

A Study on “bu” and “mei”

In modern Chinese, “bu” and “mei” are both frequently used negatives. Although “bu” and “mei” are synonyms of negation, but they are quite different in practical language. The study of “bu” and “mei” has been deepening in recent years, but most of them discuss the difference between “bu” and “mei” from the perspective of time limitation and subjective and objective. It holds that “bu” is limited to denying the present and future events, and that it denies the subjective will, the speaker's subjective evaluation and knowledge, and is used for subjective will. “mei” is limited to negating what happened in the past and the present, negating objective facts and objective narration. Although there are some connections between these two perspectives, but they are not enough to fully explain the contradictory features of “bu” and “mei”. There are still many unexplained linguistic phenomena, so there are many difficulties in teaching. Therefore, this paper starts with the research errors of “bu” and “mei”, and explains them from the two aspects of typical usage and atypical usage, so as to make a clearer distinction between their different usages, so that students are not easy to confuse and misuse in the teaching process.

现代汉语中的“不”和“没”都是使用频率很高的否定词，“不”和“没”虽然都是表示否定的同义词，但是两者在实际运用中存在很大的差异。虽然近些年来对“不”和“没”的研究日渐深入，但大都是从时间限制和主客观的视角去讨论“不”和“没”的区别。认为“不”限于否定现在和将来发生的事情，否定的是主观意志、说话者的主观评价和认识，用于主观意愿。“没”限于否定过去和现在发生的事情，否定的是客观事实，用于客观叙述。从这两个角度来分析虽然有一定的联系，但不足以完全解释“不”和“没”的对立特征，仍有很多无法解释的语言现象，因此在教学中出现了很多困难。所以本文从“不”和“没”的研究误区入手，从它们的典型用法和非典型用法两方面去解释，这样可以更加清晰的区分它们之间的不同用法，在教学过程中学生才不容易出现混淆和误用。