현대중국어 다항보어 ‘V+C1+C2+(C3)’ 격식 初探

A Study on Multiple Complements “V+C1+C2+(C3)” Structure in Modern Chinese.

본고는 하나의 술어 뒤에 두 개 이상의 보어가 출현한 격식을 다항보어문이라고 하고 'V+C1+C2+(C3)'로 표기한다. 먼저, 기존 연구 성과에 근거하여 다항보어의 범위를 규정한다. 그 다음 통사 측면에서 보어의 개수에 따라 다항보어문을 이중보어와 삼중보어로 구분하고, 보어의 종류 및 배열 순서에 따라 다시 몇 가지로 하위분류한다. 의미 측면에서 술어와 보어 사이 혹은 보어 사이의 의미관계에 따라 疊合式과 分補式으로 구분한다. 마지막으로 인지언어학의 '순서 도상성'과 '거리 도상성' 원리를 이용하여 다항보어의 배열 순서를 분석한다.

The ‘Multiple Complements Sentence’ is the sentence in which two or more complements except the state complement connected by structure postposition like ‘De(得)’ appear simultaneously after one predicate. It may be generalized to ‘V+C1+C2(+C3)’. It can be classified into double complements sentence and triple complements sentence according to the number of complements. It can be classified into ‘Die he(疊合)’ type and ‘Fun bu(分補)’ type according to the semantic relation between predicate and complement or between one complement and another complement. In ‘Die he’ type sentence, one complement has semantic relation with predicate directly and the direct semantic relation occur between two complements. Otherwise, in ‘Fun bu’ type, two all complements have semantic relation with predicate directly and no direct semantic relations occur between two complements. The double complements sentence is the type in which two complements appear simultaneously, the triple complements sentence is the type in which three complements appear simultaneously. According to the type and sequence of complements, double complements sentence can be categorized to 8 sub-classes, triple complements sentence can be categorized to 2 sub-classes. The multiple complements word order can be analyzed based on principles of ‘Sequential iconicity’ and ‘Iconicity of Proximity’. The sequence of complements in multiple complements sentence is shown in the following. The result complement appears closely to the predicate in a row and the quantity complement generally appears at the end of sentence. When the prepositional phrase complement and direction complement appears at the same time, two sequence are possible. If the direction complement is ‘Lai(來)’or ‘Qu(去)’, the sequence is usually ‘prepositional phrase complement+direction complement’. If one of ‘Hui(回), Qi(起), Kai(開)’ is used for direction complement, the sequence is generally ‘direction complement+prepositional phrase complement’.