『說文解字』 貴聲系字의 上古音 再構에 대한 小考

The Old Chinese Phonology Reconstruction of 貴(Gui)-pronounced Characters in Shuowenjiezi

Xu shen in his shuowenjiezi analyzed that 䯣(kui), 䰎(kui)，嘳(kui), 匱(gui), 餽(饋)(kui), 鞼(gui), 蕢(kui), 樻(kui), 聵(kui), 憒(kui), 闠(hui), 繢(hui), 潰(kui), 殨(kui), 䜋(hui), 遺(yi), 穨(tui), 隤(tui), 僓(tui) should be pronounced following the phonetic sound of 貴(gui); however, in the rhyming categories in the pre-qin period, 貴(gui), 匱(gui) and 潰(kui) should rhyme with characters in wu rhyme group, while 遺(yi), 穨(tui) and 隤(tui) with wei rhyme group, totally different. as a matter of fact, the characters 貴 and 遺 originated differently. The character 貴 follows the phonetic sounds of 貝 and 臾(the protoform of 簣), while the core part of 遺 is the combination of 小(xiao) and (ju), which is irrelevant with the character 貴. Therefore, the old chinese phonology of 遺(yi)-prounced characters and 貴(gui)-pronounced characters should be reconstructed separately. The thesis proposes the following reconstruction based on zheng-zhang shangfang(2003): Characters in yi-pronounced group: 遺(以追切 *lul / 以醉切 *luls, 穨(杜迴切 *l’u:l), 隤(杜迴切 *l’u:l), 僓(吐猥切 *lhu:lʔ) Characters in gui-pronounced group: 䯣(丘愧切 *khruds), 䰎(丘愧切 *khruds), 嘳(丘愧切 *khruds / 苦怪切 *khru:ds)，匱(求位切 *gruds), 鞼(求位切 *gruds / 公迴切 *klu:d)，蕢(求位切 *gruds / 丘愧切 *khruds), 樻(求位切 *gruds / 丘愧切 *khruds), 貴(居胃切 *kluds), 聵(五怪切 *ngru:ds), 憒(古對切 *klu:ds), 闠(鬍對切 *glu:ds), 繢(鬍對切 *glu:ds), 潰(鬍對切 *glu:ds), 殨(鬍對切 *glu:ds), 䜋(鬍對切 *glu:ds / 鬍罪切 *:glu:dʔ), 僓(鬍對切 *glu:ds) Meanwhile, william baxer and laurent sagart(2014) put forward the following modified reconstruction: Characters in yi-pronounced group: 遺(以追切 *ruj), 隤(杜迴切 *n-rʕuj) Characters in gui-pronounced group: 匱(求位切 *grut-s ), 貴(居胃切 *kut-s)

䯣、䰎、嘳、匱、饋、鞼、蕢、樻、聵、憒、闠、繢、潰、殨、䜋、遺、穨、隤、僓19字, 許愼分析爲從貴聲, 而在先秦韻文裡貴、匱、潰三字與物部字相押, 遺、穨、隤三字與微部字相押, 涇渭分明。實際上, 貴字與遺字來源各異, 貴字從貝臾(簣之初文)聲, 而遺字的核心部分本是由小與結合而成, 與貴字毫無相關。職是之故, 遺聲系字和貴聲系字的上古音應當分開構擬, 不可混爲一談。本論文根據鄭張尙芳(2003)而提出如下修改擬音： 遺聲系字 : 遺(以追切 *lul / 以醉切 *luls) · 穨(杜回切 *l'uːl) · 隤(杜回切 *l'uːl) · 僓(吐猥切 *lhuːlʔ) 貴聲系字 : 䯣(丘愧切 *khruds) · 䰎(丘愧切 *khruds) · 嘳(丘愧切 *khruds / 苦怪切 *khruːds) · 匱(求位切 *gruds) · 饋(求位切 *gruds) · 鞼(求位切 *gruds / 公回切 *kluːd) · 蕢(求位切 *gruds / 苦怪切 *khruːds) · 樻(求位切 *gruds / 丘愧切 *khruds) · 貴(居胃切 *kluds) · 聵(五怪切 *ŋgruːds) · 憒(古對切 *kluːds) · 闠(胡對切 *gluːds) · 繢(胡對切 *gluːds) · 潰(胡對切 *gluːds) · 殨(胡對切 *gluːds) · 䜋(胡對切 *gluːds / 胡罪切 *gluːdʔ) · 僓(胡對切 *gluːds) 同時, 向白一平-沙加爾(2014)提出如下修改擬音 : 遺聲系字 : 遺(以追切 *ruj) · 隤(杜回切 *N-rʕuj) 貴聲系字 : 匱(求位切 *grut-s) · 貴(居胃切 *kut-s)