介词“对、向”再辨

A New Analysis of Prepositions“对”and“向”

In the modern Chinese, the prepositions “对”and ‘向” are considered as a pair of synonyms to introduce an object. However, the research on them focuses more on explanation and less on discrimination with many contradictions. In view of this, this thesis does a research from the perspective of grammaticalization and finds that the prepositions “对” and “向”develop in parallel with “introduction of an object” and “introduction of a direction” as mainlines respectively. They have intersections in the process of development. On the basis of this, the author holds that they don’t have common meanings but are most likely to be replaced by each other only when the prepositional phrases and predicates both contain [+ directional] and [+ object] in the sentences.

现代汉语中一般将介词“对”和“向”看作近义词，然而对其研究多互释，少辨析，且矛盾之处甚多。本文通过对介词“对”和“向”语法化过程的梳理，发现两者分别以“引进对象”和“引进方向”两义项为主线平行发展，只不过在发展过程中出现过交集。基于此，本文认为现代汉语中两者不存在共同义项，只是当句中介词宾语和谓词同时含有[+方向性]和[+对象性]两大义素时，存在最大的替换可能性。