从“是”的性质和意义谈副词“还是”和“还”的差异

The Discrimination of Adverb“还是”and“还” from the Nature and Mean of“是”

This paper aims at “是” coexisting as the judgment verb, focus sign and word-internal element in modern Chinese to reanalyze the nature of adverb “还是” in the previous studies based on whether “是” is lexicalized or not. It is concluded that three situations of the co-occurrence of “还” and “是” do not mean adverb “还是” but one phrase: 1) “是” is the judgment verb when it is used as predicate center; 2) “是” is focus marker when followed by nominals； 3)when “是” and “的” at the end of the sentence coexist. On the basis of this, meanings of adverb “还是” is reaffirmed in this paper. It is suggested that there exist substitution possibilities between verbs and adjectives when “还是” means continuity synonym and “还” refers to time continuation. Furthermore, the usage of adverb “还是” and “是” is discriminated based on subjective confirmation meanings of the morpheme “是”.

本文针对现代汉语中判断动词“是”、焦点标记“是”和词内成分“是”并存的现象，从“是”是否发生词汇化入手，重新分析了以往研究中副词“还是”的性质，认为三种情况下的“还”、“是”共现不是副词“还是”，而是词组：（1）“是”为判断动词，做谓语中心语时；（2）“是”为其后体词的焦点标记时；（3）焦点标记“是”和句末语气词“的”共现时。在此基础上再次明确了副词“还是”的义项，并认为只有表类同义的“还是”和表延续义的“还”在动词和形容词之前存在替换可能性，并从语素“是”的“主观肯定义”出发，辨析了“还是”与“还”用法上的具体差异。