중국어 묵독 중 단어식별 고찰

A Study on Chinese Word Identification in Silent Reading.

The research for reading education is focused on phoneme recognition and word identification. It mainly utilizes oral reading upon the native speakers and the intermediate students. Consequently, only few researches have so far been made at silent reading upon the elementary students. The present paper does experimental work of silent reading upon the elementary students and investigates the factors affecting Chinese words identification. We come to the conclusion that these factors are similarity between pronunciation and form of a character, possibility of appearing sight word, and word superiority effect and so on. The majority of students can not distinguish the different forms of a character under the influence of word superiority effect. In particular, they do not see any variation between stroke of a Chinese character and radical of a Chinese character. Therefore, oral reading should be made together with silent reading upon elementary students, and careful education and control over the speed of reading are also required.

在阅读教学研究领域中，研究的重点于音位识别和词语辨别两个方面，因而以语段为主要材料的默读测试研究并不多。于是我们以四种语段为主要材料进行了在默读中词语识别实验，通过这次实验，我们发现了影响初级汉语学习者词语识别及语义理解的因素，就是汉字字音和字形的相似度、视觉词语出现的频数以及阅读推理能力。从异形同音词来看，大部分被试都受到了词语优先效果。其效果妨碍了他们找出字形的异同。在字音和字形都相似的时候，他们也不容易找到得体的词语，尤其是几乎没有察觉笔画的加减以及偏旁的替换。如“淡：谈”、“帅：师”、“挺：庭”、“纪：级”、“咋：昨”、“护：户”、“第：弟”、“圆：员”等等。结果表明，初级汉语学习者在默读时，字形信息的改变导致了阅读理解正确性受影响。然而他们理解了语段的意思，那就忽视字形或字音的异同。这就是说他们主要重视上下文的意义关系，其作用大于字音或字形的作用。