汉韩同形动词语义对应关系的分析层面及关系类型

Analysis layer and form of Korean Chinese Same Form Verb Semantic Correspondence Relation

The advanced Korean Chinese same form language comparative studies viewed semantically same or similar same form words couple as in the synonymous relation, without considering how the overall semantic structure of the words corresponds. Due to this influence, teachers of the secondary education frequently mislead the correspondent word, of which overall semantic structure is not perfectly the same, as the synonym word, and sometimes make error in substituting the responding word which has the synonym relation only in one semantic item for the target language. Accordingly, this research utilized the actual practice case of the corpus of Chinese and Korean language based on the example of Korean and Chinese same form verb, and considered semantic corresponding relation of Korean and Chinese fame form verb from the semantic item layer, considering the substitution relation analysis result of Korean and Chinese same form verb and the number of all cases, and considered the semantic corresponding relation of Korean and Chinese same form verb from the two layers, i.e. “semantic item” and “overall semantic structure” through the consecutive language gathering observation and example translation. Above all, this research divided the semantic corresponding relation of Korean and Chinese same form verb from the semantic item layer into “whole correspondence”, “partial corresondence”, “coexistence of the whole and partial correspondence”, “non-correspondence”, considering the substitution relation analysis result of Korean and Chinese same form verb and the number of all cases. Also, again divided the whole correspondence and partial correspondence into “one-to-one correspondence”, “one-to-several or several-to-one correspondence”, and “combined correspondence”, considering the correspondent situation of various semantic items of multisense words. And largely divided semantic corresponding relation of Korean and Chinese same form verb from the whole semantic structure layer of word into “overall correspondence to word semantic structure”, “word semantic structure partial response”, and “word semantic structure non-correspondence”, through the semantic corresponding relation analysis of semantic item layer. Lastly, this research classified Korean and Chinese same form verb semantic correspondent relation by synthesizing semantic corresponding relation of semantic item layer and the correspondent relation of word overall semantic structure layer into total 11 types in detail, suggesting the example of the correspondence that can exist per each type and concrete corresponding relation of Korean and Chinese same form verb that belongs to the relevant type.

以往很多汉韩同形词对比研究，只将在单个义项上意义相同相近的词对视为具有同义对应关系，而不考虑整个词义结构如何对应。因而在第二语言教学中，会导致汉语词汇教学上的误导和学习者的母语词义误推。鉴于此，本文以汉韩同形动词为例，利用汉语和韩语语料库中的实际语料，采用搭配词的聚类观察和翻译语例的方法，从义项和整个词义结构两个层面，考察了汉韩同形动词的语义对应关系。首先，考虑对译关系的分析结果以及所有可能的基本事件，从义项层面将汉韩同形动词的语义对应关系概括为：基本对应；部分对应；基本和部分对应并存；不对应。再考虑多义同形动词在义项之间的各种语义对应情况，基本对应和部分对应细分出下属小类：一对一对应；一对多或多对一对应；综合对应。通过从对义项层面的语义对应关系的分析，从词义结构层面，将汉韩同形动词的语义对应关系分为三大类：词义结构基本对应；词义结构部分对应；词义结构不对应。最后，以义项层面和词义结构层面的语义对应为考察维度，将汉韩同形动词的语义对应关系细分出11种类型，对每类提出了理论上可能存在的对应关系模式和汉韩同形动词的实际案例。