论所谓兼语句“S₂”的题元角色

Analysis on the Thematic Role of the Pivotal Sentence “S₂” s

In this paper, we analyzed the “S1+V1+S2+V2” structure into five types: directive, discourse, emotion, appellation, and presence-absence. In doing so we referred to the theory of Borong Huang, Xudong Liao and Bin Zhang on pivotal sentences. In the directive type, “S2” is the basic vocabulary, the Agent of Predicative Verbs in VP level, gets the thematic role of Experiencer from the light verb BECOME in the eventual stage. According to the analysis of the text, Complement of Predicative Verbs is vP2 in total not “S2”. Therefore, “S2” does not get the role of Patient from “V1”, but vP2 in total gets the thematic role of Experiencer. So, the directive type’s “S1+V1+ S2+V2” structure can not be stated as pivotal in the literal sense. The other four types of structure of “S2” gets the role from CP to light verb. In the discourse type, “S2” gets the thematic role from CP to light verb DO, in emotion type, “S2” it gets the Sentient thematic role from CP to light verb BE, in appellation type, “S2” gets Relevant thematic role from CP to light verb BE, and in the presence-absence type, “S2” gets the Agent thematic role from CP to light DO. Based on the analysis, “S2” is not a complement of “V1”, it is the complement of the Phase made up of “S2+V2”. Therefore, “S2” can not get the Patient thematic role from “V1”, and can not be stated as pivotal in literal sense.

本文参照黄伯荣·廖序东和张斌的关于兼语句的理论，把“S1+V1+S2+V2”结构分为“使役”、“言说”、“喜怒”、“称呼”及“有无”等5种类型。 “使役”类的“S2”，在基础词汇层次，即VP层面上是谓语动词的施事者；在BECOME事件意义层次上，从轻动词BECOME获得当事题元角色，据我们的分析，因为谓语动词的补足语不是“S2”，而是整个vP2, 因此“S2”不能从“V1”获得受事题元角色，而从“vP2(BECOME)”获得当事题元。由此可以断定“使役”类“S1+V1+S2+V2”结构不是所谓的兼语句。 其余4种结构的“S2”均在CP层次上从轻动词获得相对应的题元角色:“言说”类的“S2”在CP层次从轻动词DO获得施事题元角色；“喜怒”类的“S2”在CP层次从轻动词BE获得感事题元角色；“称呼”类的“S2”在CP层次从轻动词BE获得系事题元角色；“有无”了的“S2”在CP层次从轻动词都获得施事题元角色。总之，“S2”不是“V1”的补足语，“S2+V2”构成CP相面，这个CP相面才是“V1”的补足语，因此“S2”无法从“V1”获得受事题元角色，因此，可以断定所谓兼语句并非兼语句。