From the Existing Conditions of the Serial Verb Structure to See its Source and Development

Wiguk Sa

As the direct source of today’s Verb-Complement Structure, the Serial Verb Structure has unique conditions itself in syntax structure, semantic relation and pragmatic function. In syntax structure, according to the different semantic features from internal constituent parts V₁,V₂,O₁,O₂, the Serial Verb Structure has four kinds of structures, V₁V₂O，V₁OV₂，V₁O₁V₂O₂ and V₁V₂.In semantic relation, V₁ should show the “action”, V₂ should supplement and explain the result which is caused by the V₁, and there is a “action-result” semantic relationship between V₁ and V₂. In Pragmatic Function, the V₁ showing the “action” takes charge of the center of the structure, and the V₂ complementing and explaining the result takes charge of the core of the expression. Through the analysis of the conditions in syntax structure, semantic relation and pragmatic function, we can find the Descriptive Structure which has direct historical development relation with the Serial Verb Structure. Not only the semantic relation, but also the syntax structure, pragmatic function of this structure are fit for the demands from the Serial Verb Structure. And, as a dynamic developing syntactic structure, the Serial Verb Structure serves as a link between the past - the Descriptive Structure, and the future - the Verb-Complement Structure.

作为现代汉语述补宾结构直接来源的连谓结构本身具有独特的句法，语义和语用条件。句法上，根据连谓结构内部组成成分V₁，V₂，O₁，O₂各自语义特征的不同，连谓结构主要包括V₁V₂O，V₁OV₂，V₁O₁V₂O₂和V₁V₂四种结构；语义上，各结构中交代行为的V₁和补充说明由V₁所引起的某种结果的V₂之间形成了“行为-结果”语义关系；语用上，交代行为的V₁重在担任结构重心，补充说明结果的V₂重在担任表达重心。通过对连谓结构句法，语义和语用条件的分析，我们发现了与连谓结构之间有直接历史发展演变关系的叙述型结构，该结构无论句法上，语义上，还是语用上都与连谓结构的存在要求十分吻合。同时，作为动态发展中的一种句法格式，连谓结构承前启后，连接着上古汉语叙述型结构和现代汉语述补宾结构。