现代汉语“怎么个X”构式的研究

The Research of ‘Zenme ge X’ Construction in Modern Chinese

‘Zenme ge X’ construction is a very common and productive structure in the Modern Chinese. This paper is a study of the ‘Zenme ge X’ construction from the perspective of Construction Grammar and Cognitive Grammar. In the practical use of language, ‘Zenme ge X’ construction can be divided into four types: ‘Zenme ge N’, ‘Zenme ge V’, ‘Zenme ge A’ and ‘Zenme ge +other forms’. And with the constraint of ‘Zenme ge N’, there is another structure ‘Zenme ge Xfa’ in the process of language use. This construction’s components ‘zenme’, ‘ge’ and ‘X’ all have their own syntax and semantic characteristics. We consider that this construction has the meaning of ‘Asking about the performance or way’, but it also can be used in some non-interrogative situation to expressives the subjective opinions of the speaker.

现代汉语中“怎么个X”构式是一个十分常用且能产的结构，本文运用构式语法、认知语法等理论对“怎么个X”构式进行了研究。“怎么个X”在语言实际使用中可分为“怎么个N”，“怎么个V”，“怎么个A”和“怎么个+其他形式”四类，其中受“怎么个N”结构的制约还扩展出了一类“怎么个X法”式结构。构式的各组成成分“怎么”，“个”和“X”在这些结构中体现出了各自不同的句法及语义特点。我们认为该构式的基本构式义是询问表现及方式，但也可以用于一些非疑问性的用法，体现出了一定的主观性特征。