论中国网络新四字成语形成中的认知机制

Study on cognitive mechanism in the formation of the Chinese internet new four-character idioms

According to cognitive linguistics, the cognitive mechanism of the new four-character idioms is full of Chinese metaphor, metonymy and analogy. On the basis of cognitive linguistics theories, the paper analyses cognitive mechanism in the formation of the Chinese internet new four-character idioms from three aspects of metaphor, metonymy and analogy, to probe social psychology background in contemporary China on the basis of full explanation. First, metaphor directs cognitive approach from empirical lives to the concept. The formation of the Chinese internet new four-character idioms embodies inherent prejudice of modern Chinese people to empirical social. The emergence of internet four-character idioms reflects that modern Chinese people are lack of public trust in government, and the change of cognitive approach which is the challenge to traditional thinking and the pursuit for individual emancipation. Second, metonymy directs cognitive approach of the concept from one field to another which is indispensable in the process of emergence and implication of the new internet four-character idioms. The metonymy of the internet four-character idioms not only inherits cognitive psychology on traditional Chinese, but also reflects the state of mind of modern Chinese people which is full of ridicule to the objective world due to the social transformation. Finally, analogy directs cognitive approach of the concept from an old one to a new one, which embodies on the similar patterns of the new internet four-character idioms. The feature of abbreviation that certain new internet four-character idioms embody, accord with mental characteristics that the pursuit for simplicity and vividness when the ancient people created four-character idioms. In addition, it reflects psychological characteristics that the pursuit for fast paced lives and meets the needs for new and distinctiveness in the network age.

从认知语言学的角度来看，网络新四字成语的形成机制中充满了中国式的“隐喻”、“转喻”、“类比”。本文以认知语言学为理论基础，从隐喻、转喻、类比三个方面分析了中国网络新四字成语形成中的认知机制，在充分解释的基础上探寻了背后的当代中国的社会心理背景。 首先，隐喻指向经验生活到概念的认知途径，网络新四字成语的形成过程体现出当代中国人对经验社会的固有成见。网络四字成语的产生，或反映了现代中国人对公共机构的公信力普遍缺乏信任；或反映了现代中国人挑战传统思维方式追求个性解放的认知变化。 其次，转喻指向概念从一个领域到另一个领域的认知途径，在网络新四字成语的产生和意义引申过程中都不可或缺。网络新四字成语的转喻既有传统汉语认知心理的继承，又体现了现代中国人因社会转型而引发的调侃、嘲弄地对待客观世界的心态。 最后，类比指向从一个旧概念到一个新概念的认知途径，体现在网络新四字成语之间的形式相似之上。某些网络新四字成语体现出的缩写特征，不仅符合古人创造四字成语时追求生动简洁的心理特征，而且反映出网络时代交流求快的心理特点，满足了网络时代求新求异的需求。