量詞“隻”對名詞性成分的選擇及其系源研究

Selective Relationship between Quantifier ZHI(隻) and Nouns

Quantifier is one characteristic of Chinese and Sino-Tibetan. Its basic syntactic function is to categorize nouns,but some research shows its classification function is very weak in chinese. This paper takes the quantifier ZHI(隻) as study subjects in order to discover the relationship between ZHI(隻) and words denoting specific words.The paper on the basis of analyzing the etymology and the categorization of quantifier ZHI(只),to find out the reasons on the choice of nominal structures by this quantifier·

具有豐富的量詞是漢藏語系最重要的特征之一。數詞與名詞之間必須使用量詞，是現代漢語語法的強制性要求，而且個體量詞的使用具有極大的規約性。現代漢語中個體量詞大多爲類別詞，具有一定的形體特征，在表量的同時兼有按照形體特征將名詞分類的功能。漢語量詞對名詞性成分選擇的相關研究，成果也主要集中在這類表形狀量詞的個案研究。相對來說，對不具有形體特征的量詞相關研究則顯得不足。本文縷述了非形狀類量詞“隻”的產生與歷時發展情況，并嘗試討論“隻”的核心語義特征。然後，以此為出發點對現代漢語中量詞“隻”涉及的名詞進行分類，討論起共同特點。