从“V₁不V₂”连谓结构的存在特征看其来源与发展

from the Existing Condition of the “V1不V2” Structure to see its Source and Development

As a normal syntax format in Ancient Chinese Period, the Serial Verb Structure “V₁不V₂” is different from the modern Chinese Predicate-Complement-Object Structure. The “V₁不V₂”structure has the distinct semantic feature, syntax feature and pragmatic feature. Each of the “V₁不V₂” structure has a semantic relation of “action-result”, and through different syntax structures this “action-result” semantic relation can be realized. In the dynamic environment where the “action-result” semantic relation realized the pragmatic function of “Structure Center - Descriptive Center” between V₁ and V₂ can be formed. Just because of the special semantic feature, the syntax feature and the pragmatic feature, we can find that there are two sources of the “V₁不V₂” structure. One is from the Descriptive Structure“V₁，不V₂”, another is from the Serial Verb Structure “V₁V₂”. Generally “V₁不V₂” has an important role in the process of development and evolution from the Descriptive Structure “V₁，不V₂” to the Verb-Complement-Structure “V不C(O)”.

作为上古汉语时期的一种常见的句法结构，“V₁不V₂”连谓结构本质上不同于现代汉语表可能性(否定式)的“V不C”述补结构。“V₁不V₂”连谓结构具有适应于时代发展的语义、句法和语用特征，所有的“V₁不V₂”连谓结构都内含有一个“行为-结果”语义关系，这一“行为-结果”语义关系通过处于平等地位的V₁和V₂之间的组合得以实现，并在实现这一“行为-结果”语义关系的动态环境中，造就了阐述某一事件的V₁与补充说明V₁结果的“不V₂”之间的“结构重心-表达重心”式语用关系。通过对“V₁不V₂”连谓结构的分析我们发现了该结构的直接来源，一是从语义、句法和语用条件都符合的上古汉语叙述型结构发展演变而来的，二是“V₁V₂”连谓结构中插入否定标记“不”后所形成的。“V₁不V₂”结构中的各种插入成分表明该结构还是发展中的结构，其发展包括量的发展和质的发展。总之，正是“V₁不V₂”连谓结构的语义、句法和语用特征使得“V₁不V₂”连谓结构承前启后，将从“V₁，不V₂”叙述型结构这一来源到“V不CO”述补宾结构的这一历史发展过程生动地联系了起来。