汉语与汉字的独特关系及在汉语教学中的应用

The Unique Relationship between Chinese Language and Chinese Character and Its Application in Chinese Teaching

The subject of the relationship between language and character is the basic theoretical problem about linguistic. The view on language and character in modern linguistics mainly comes from “character is the manifestation of language” which proposed by Saussure, the father of modern linguistics. But the study from Saussure is based on the research of language and character which is from alphabetic words system. Because Chinese character is the typical ideographic words, using “character is the manifestation of language” to research on Chinese language and Chinese character is obviously inexact. Therefore, it has the great significance on the Chinese language research, to find out the relationship between Chinese language and Chinese character by overall understanding and further research. This article takes a panoramic view of the history of research on Chinese language, according to various kinds of study, and we sum up the relationship between Chinese language and Chinese character that “unity” “manifestation of language” “character first” “equality” “expression” “interaction” etc. It should be considered adequately the unique relationship between Chinese and Chinese characters in the Chinese research and Chinese teaching, The view of interaction demonstrate the advantage and feasibility of the idea of teaching spoken Chinese and characters separately. Taking the Chinese teaching via videoconferencing in A & M University as an example, the paper explains the advantages and feasibility of using the interactive view of Chinese language and Chinese characters to design the primary Chinese teaching mode of teaching spoken Chinese and characters separately.

语言和文字的关系问题是语言学的基本理论问题。现代语言学的语言和文字观，主要来自于现代语言学之父索绪尔的“文字表现语言”。但索绪尔的研究是建立在对表音体系的语言文字研究的基础上。汉字是典型的表意体系文字，用“文字表语观”来研究汉语和汉字、指导汉语和汉字教学显然不够确切。因此，全面认识、深入研究汉语和汉字的关系，对汉语研究和应用意义重大。本文纵观汉语研究史，根据各家学者的研究将汉语和汉字的关系总结为“一体观”、“表语观”、“汉字至上观”、“平等观”、“表达观”、“互动观”等六种观点。指出在汉语研究和汉语教学中应充分考虑汉语和汉字的独特关系。并以美国A&M大学网络汉语教学为案例，阐释了运用汉语汉字的互动观设计了“语”、“文”分开的初级汉语教学模式的优势和可行性。