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2차 세계대전 후 일본의 인구과잉과 생식 통제 - 인공임신중절·불임수술을 중심으로

Japan’s Overpopulation and Reproductive Control after World War II : Focusing on Artificial Abortion and Infertility Surgery

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일본어문학 第111輯.jpg

This paper examines women’s consciousness and response to Japan’s reproductive control policies - abortion and infertility surgery (endogenous surgery) - after the war and from the mid-1945s to the mid-50s. After the defeat, the Japanese government adopted a population control policy for the post-war economic revival and enacted the Eugenic Protection Act of 1948 for the quantitative and qualitative management of the population. The eugenics protection law is an attempt by the government to curb rapid population growth through the acceptance of abortion and the promotion of infertility surgery. After the war, Japan’s birth control policy focused on abortion or infertility surgery rather than conception control. Women recognized abortion as birth control. Women want to control birth, but they have no knowledge of conception control or have a lower chance of succeeding in contraception even if they do so, and when they become pregnant, they chose abortion as a follow-up measure. The abortion led to pregnancy more easily, and the vicious cycle of termination was repeated again. However, women felt at odds with abortion due to high costs, aftereffects, and fear of surgery, and they performed infertility surgery with complete birth control measures to avoid dissatisfaction or repeated abortions.

本稿では、戦後、1945~50年代半ばまでの日本の生殖統制政策-人工妊娠中絶と不妊手術(優生手術)-に対する女性たちの意識と対応について考察した。敗戦後、日本政府は戦後の経済復興のために人口抑制政策を採択し、人口の量的·質的管理のために、1948年に優生保護法を制定した。優生保護法は、政府が人工妊娠中絶の受け入れと不妊手術の推進で急速な人口増加を抑制しようとしたものである。戦後、日本の産児制限政策は受胎調節(避妊)より人工妊娠中絶や不妊手術に焦点が当てられた。女性たちは人工妊娠中絶を産児制限(妊娠調節)と認識した。女性たちは産児調節を望んでいるが、受胎調節に対する知識がなかったり、受胎調節をしても確実に避妊に成功する確率が低い状況で、妊娠にすると事後の対策として人工妊娠中絶をした。その人工妊娠中絶がより簡単に妊娠につながり、再び人工妊娠中絶をする悪循環を繰り返した。しかし、女性たちは多くの費用と後遺症、そして手術に対する恐怖で人工妊娠中絶に対する違和感を感じ、人工妊娠中絶に対する不満や繰り返される中絶を避けて完全な産児制限策として不妊手術を受けたのである。

1. 서론

2. 인구과잉과 우생보호법의 제정

3. 중절과 불임수술의 유행

4. 중절과 불임수술에 대한 여성들의 의식과 대응

5. 결론

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