滇越边境抵边村寨事实孤儿祖辈监护者的监护孤立研究—基于社区资本理论的分析

Research on Guardianship Isolation of Grandparent Guardians of De Facto Orphans in Border Villages along the China–Vietnam Frontier: An Analysis Based on Community Capital Theory

Focusing on the practical dilemma of “guardianship isolation” among grandparent guardians of de facto orphans in border villages along the China–Vietnam frontier—where “cross-border geopolitics + population outflow” constitutes a unique border context—this study selects Jiehe Village in Hekou County, Yunnan Province, as the field site. Using qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews, participant observation, and life-history narratives, it examines the specific forms of guardianship isolation and their association with the rupture of community capital. The findings reveal that guardianship isolation manifests in three practical forms: social network hollowing (loss of kinship/neighborhood support nodes), normative conflict (failure of local rules and cross-border cultural barriers), and weakened trust (erosion of trust in community organizations and neighbors). Essentially, these forms stem from the disconnection of community capital—social networks, shared norms, and interpersonal trust. The study concludes that revitalizing “local–cross-border” community capital is the key pathway to alleviating guardianship isolation. It further expands the explanatory dimensions of community capital theory in open border communities and provides empirical reference for improving guardianship policies for de facto orphans in border regions.

针对滇越边境抵边村寨事实孤儿祖辈监护者“监护孤立”的实践困境，结合“跨境地缘+人口外流”的边境情境，本研究以云南省河口县界河村为田野点，采用深度访谈、参与式观察、生命史叙事等质性方法，探究监护孤立的具体形态及与社区资本断裂的关联。研究发现：监护孤立呈现社会网络空洞化（亲属/邻里支持节点缺失）、规范冲突化（本地规则失效与跨境文化隔阂）、信任弱化（社区组织与邻里信任流失）三种实践形态，本质是社区资本（社会网络、共享规范、人际信任）连接断裂的结果。结论表明，激活“本地-跨境”社区资本是缓解监护孤立的核心路径，本研究拓展了社区资本理论在边境开放型社区的解释维度，为边境地区事实孤儿监护政策优化提供了实证参考。