Enterprise data property rights registration : current situation, dilemma and improvement path

企业数据产权登记：现状、困境与完善路径

As the core subject of data production and circulation, the effective confirmation, standardized circulation and value release of data assets have become the key to driving innovation and enhancing competitiveness. The effective mechanism of enterprise data protection has not been established, and the theoretical circles have different views. China has clearly proposed data property registration as a new path for enterprise data protection, and many places have promoted relevant legislation and practice. However, due to the initial stage, there are differences in the understanding of enterprise data property registration among provinces and cities. In addition, in the absence of unified legislation at the national level, there are still some problems in the legislative practice, such as the dislocation of legal relations, the confusion of registration subjects, registration objects and registers, the differences in registration effectiveness among regions, the loopholes in review standards, and the lack of credibility of market flower registration institutions. Combined with the dilemma and deep reasons of China ‘ 's enterprise data property rights registration system, the improvement path needs to focus on four points : First, clarify the legal relationship, define the subject and object of registration, and optimize the register regulations ; the second is to take registration antagonism as the core of legal effect ; the third is to establish a‘ form + third-party substance ’ review system, and clarify the content guarantee compliance ; fourth, strengthen the public welfare attributes of data exchanges and allow qualified market-oriented institutions to carry out registration.

企业作为数据生产与流通的核心主体，其数据资产的有效确权、规范流转与价值释放，已成为驱动创新、提升竞争力的关键。企业数据保护的有效机制尚未确立，理论界观点不一。我国明确提出以数据产权登记作为企业数据保护的新路径，多地已推进相关立法与实践，但因处于初始阶段，各省市对企业数据产权登记的理解存在差异。并且在缺乏国家层面的统一立法下，各地立法实践还存在着法律关系错位，登记主体、登记客体以及登记簿存在混乱、登记效力地域间存在差异、审查标准存在漏洞、市场花登记机构缺乏公信力等问题。结合我国企业数据产权登记制度的困境及深层原因，完善路径需聚焦四点：一是厘清法律关系，界定登记主客体、优化登记簿条例；二是将登记对抗主义作为法律效力核心；三是建立“形式+第三方实质”审查体系，明确内容保障合规；四是强化数据交易所公益属性，允许符合条件的市场化机构开展登记。