A Comparative Study of Disadvantaged Groups' Education in China and Spain from the Perspective of Educational Equity

教育公平视角下中国与西班牙弱势群体教育比较研究

This study focuses on the issues of educational support and equity for disadvantaged groups in China and Spain. From the perspective of educational equity theory, it conducts a systematic comparative analysis of the support strategies adopted by the two countries in rural education, ethnic minority education, and special education. The research finds that China promotes urban-rural educational equity through resource-oriented policies such as the “Special Post Plan”, “Two Exemptions and One Subsidy”, and “Internet + Education”, while Spain guarantees the educational integration of immigrant and special-needs children by relying on inclusive education legislation and an intercultural curriculum system. At the social participation level, China integrates resources through policy support and public welfare organizations, whereas Spain empowers parents through legal means, enabling them to participate in school management and encouraging enterprises to invest in education. This study mainly adopts literature research and comparative research methods. It not only briefly summarizes the current status of educational equity in China and Spain but also aims to provide some insights for promoting the optimization of educational equity policies and the balanced allocation of educational resources in both countries through comparative research.

本文聚焦与中国与西班牙弱势群体教育支持与公平性问题，从教育公平理论视角出发，对于中国与西班牙在农村、少数族裔、特殊教育领域的支持策略进行系统性比较研究分析。研究发现中国通过“特岗计划”、“两免一补”、“互联网＋教育”等资源倾斜政策推进城乡教育均衡，西班牙则依托全纳教育立法于跨文化课程体系，保障移民和特殊儿童的教育融合。在社会参与层面，中国借助政策支持和公益组织进行资源整合，而西班牙则通过法律赋权于家长，让家长参与学校管理并鼓励企业教育投入。本文主要采用文献研究法、比较研究法进行研究，即是对于中国与西班牙的教育公平现状进行简单总结，同时也希望通过比较研究的方式，在推动双方优化教育公平政策，促进教育资源均衡配置方面提供些许思路。