广东省定向师范生乡土情感与留任意愿影响因素探究

A Study on the Influencing Factors of the Local Affection and the Willingness to Stay in the Oriented Normal Students in Guangdong Province

The implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy is contingent upon the support of a highcaliber teaching workforce.The cultivation of targeted normal students is a vital approach to supplementing rural educators and a crucial measure for advancing rural education.Consequently,enhancing their willingness to stay in rural areas has become an urgent research priority.This study conducted in-depth interviews with 18 freshmen and graduating targeted normal students in Guangdong Province,who were assigned to the eastern,western,and northern regions.The interview transcripts were analyzed using Nvivo 11 qualitative analysis software through a three-level coding thematic analysis.The findings revealed that a sense of hometown belonging significantly predicts the willingness to stay.Freshmen primarily select their targeted regions based on college entrance examination scores and proximity to home,yet their understanding of these regions remains relatively limited.In contrast,graduates encounter the shortcomings of educational practice and the dilemma of retention.Based on these findings,this paper proposes targeted recommendations for optimizing the policy of cultivating targeted normal students and enhancing the stability of the rural teaching workforce.These recommendations aim to contribute to the goal of developing a rural teaching force that is“capable of descending,remaining,and teaching effectively.”

乡村振兴需高素质教师支撑，而定向师范生政策是实现的关键举措之一。但近年来定向师范生违约拒绝留任的问题凸显。本研究对广东省定向至粤东西北地区的大一及毕业师范生18 名进行深度访谈，运用Nvivo 11 质性分析软件进行深入分析后发现：大一新生在选择定向地时，往往主要依据高考分数和离家距离，对定向地的了解相对有限；已就业的定向师范生在毕业后面临着诸多困境，包括职前实践能力不足、职后薪资待遇较低、居住条件较差以及职业发展前景有限等。而乡土情感对定向师范生的留任意愿有着显著的影响。基于以上分析结果，提出以下建议：首先，应构建招生阶段的政策传递与协调机制，增强信息透明度，让大一新生在选择定向地时能够更加全面地了解相关信息。其次，增强对本土生源的倾斜政策，提高定向师范生对乡土的情感认同。再次，完善职前职后培训体系，切实提升定向师范生的实践能力。此外，建立物质保障与精神荣誉双重激励机制，提高定向师范生的职业吸引力。最后，为临近服务期满的定向师范生提供专业支持，助力其职业发展，为他们创造更好的职业前景。