Background: Cohabitation with a family member with dementia can adversely affect a caregiver’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and this burden may vary by gender. However, no study in Korea has empirically examined the gender-specific effects of living with a person with dementia on HRQoL. Methods: We analyzed data from 24,874 adults who responded to a question regarding cohabitation with a family member with dementia in the 2024 Korea Community Health Survey. Between-group differences in EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index scores were independent-samples t-tests and ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparisons. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the association between the EQ-5D index and cohabitation status. An interaction term between gender and cohabitation status was included to test for the moderating effect of gender. Results: Among the 24,874 participants, 53.7% were women, and 15.0% were living with a family member with dementia. EQ-5D scores were significantly lower among cohabitants than among non-cohabitants (B=–0.029, P<0.0001). Men had significantly higher EQ-5D index scores than women (B=0.004, P=0.0139). In the gender-stratefied, cohabitation was associated with lower EQ-5D in both men and women (men B=–0.017, women B=–0.039, P<0.0001), with a greater decline in women. Conclusion: This is the first study in Korea to demonstrate a differential effect of cohabiting with a family member with dementia on HRQoL by gender, with larger declines observed among women. Future research should examine gender-related differences in caregivers’ psychosocial profiles and care needs.
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