컨테이너 터미널의 작업 부하 균등화: 시스템 로직 투명성의 역할

Workload Balancing in Container Terminals: System Logic Transparency as a Prerequisite for Effective Coordination

Despite decades of extensive research in optimizing container terminal operations, a significant gap persists between the theoretical efficiency of container terminals and their realized operational productivity. This paper posits that this discrepancy stems not from suboptimal optimization algorithms, but from a fundamental failure to achieve workload balancing, which is a cornerstone of production system efficiency. We demonstrate that this failure is primarily driven by the inherent uncertainty and variability in terminal operations, wherein landside logistics constitute the binding constraint due to their structurally higher complexity relative to seaside operations. The central thesis is that traditional demand management techniques, such as truck appointment systems, prove ineffective because they depend on accurate predictions of internal terminal processes, which cannot be reliably maintained in actual operating environments due to the structural uncertainties and variabilities inherent in terminal operations. Using truck turnaround time prediction as a case study, we demonstrate that conventional data-driven models relying solely on historical operational logs are fundamentally limited in their predictive power. These limitations arise because such models lack insight into the underlying operational logic and decision-making rules embedded within the terminal operating system, which govern the actual process dynamics that determine performance outcomes.