Canada and Mexico Relations in a Changing North American Landscape

The contemporary evolution of Canada–Mexico relations is the focus of this article, which includes an examination of diplomatic agreements characterized by close cooperation, recent policy initiatives, and institutional mechanisms. It also explores how economic interdependence and labor migration have become central to these bilateral relations. Recently, in reaction to the one-sided trade related pressures from the United States, during the second Donald Trump administration, the alliance has strengthened through the Canada-Mexico Action Plan 2025–2028, which formalizes collaboration across four key areas: wealth; movement, inclusivity, and well-being; security; and environment and sustainability. The article argues that Canada–Mexico relations must be understood not only from a bilateral perspective but also from a North American approach. This article contributes to the understanding of how mid level powers construct strategic partnerships in an emerging global order.