Opportunities for Toxic Chemical Risk Reduction Aligned with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

Disaster risk reduction activities primarily focus on reducing the likelihood of hazard occurrences and their adverse consequences. The purpose of the study is to identify opportunities for toxic chemical risk reduction in the urban environment based on research on risk theory, the relationship between risk assessment elements, and the priorities outlined in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. The results of the study show that the risk of toxic chemical substances and potential incidents arising from substances is identified as a result of the interaction between pollutants, including toxic chemicals, materials, and products that pose threats to human health and environmental components, and vulnerabilities such as the exposed population and environment. A general modeling for toxic chemical risk has been developed. It is also identified that, firstly, the risk of chemical hazards depends on chemical hazards and vulnerability, which of the contaminated ways to the chemicals; secondly, the risk of potential chemical incidents depends on the hazard distribution during chemical incidents and the vulnerability to chemical incidents. Recommendations for toxic chemical risk reduction in the urban environment have been developed and aligned with the four priorities in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.