농민수당의 이질적 처치효과 분석: 영농유형 및 도입시점을 중심으로

Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Farmer Allowance: Evidence from Farm Type and Adoption Timing

This study empirically analyzes the effects of the farmer allowance program which has been sequentially implemented across Korean provinces since 2020, on farm household income, productivity, and consumption expenditure. Using microdata from the Farm Household Economy Survey (2018-2022), we apply the Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) estimator as the primary method to account for staggered treatment timing, with the Wooldridge (2025) extended two-way fixed effects (ETWFE) estimator for robustness checks. For the full sample, the farmer allowance significantly reduces farm operating costs and increases per capita consumption expenditure. Subgroup analyses by farming type reveal heterogeneous effects: labor efficiency improvements in rice farms, positive income and cost reduction effects in fruit farms, consumption smoothing in vegetable farms, and cost reductions in part-time farms. Cohort-level analysis confirms that the magnitude and significance of effects vary by adoption timing, suggesting the presence of regional heterogeneity in agricultural conditions. These findings indicate that the effects of farmer allowance vary by farming type and adoption timing, implying the need for differentiated policy approaches considering target characteristics.