일본과 중국 사례 분석을 통한 식량안보 법제의 구조적 전환 방향 연구

Reforming Korea’s Food Security Legislation and Its Implications: Lessons from China and Japan

This study conducts a comparative analysis of the food security legal frameworks in Korea, China, and Japan to propose a structural transition for Korea's legislation in response to global food crises. The analysis reveals that China maintains a centralized system focused on ‘Availability’ (55% entropy weight) through its Food Security Law, yet remains vulnerable to climate change and safety issues. In contrast, Japan possesses the most stable legal framework, with entropy weights balanced across the four pillars of food security centered on ‘Stability’. Korea's legal system, however, remains production-centric and lacks binding force despite critically low self-sufficiency rates. To facilitate a paradigm shift, this study recommends a four-step legal reform: (1) internalizing food security values and national duties within supreme norms; (2) restoring consistency across the “Constitution-Basic Act-Individual Law” hierarchy; (3) amending the Basic Act to enhance its enforcement capacity; and (4) enacting a Special Act on Food Security Crisis Response.