A Study on the Current Status and Regeneration Directions of Rural Mountain Villages in Gyeongsangbuk-do

Purpose: A mountain village refers to a settlement in a mountainous region, defined by the Forest Basic Act as an area where forest land covers at least 70% of the administrative district, with low population density and arable land ratio. Mountain villages in Gyeongsangbuk-do face challenges such as population decline and aging, with a high proportion of elderly residents exceeding the national average. Moreover, most new settlers are in their 50s and 60s, increasingly choosing these areas for their natural environment. This study aims to propose strategies for regenerating mountain villages into sustainable residential and stay environments. Method: Survey results indicate a shared recognition among residents and visitors of the need for regenera -tion. Residents prioritize community revitalization and policies encouraging p opulation inflow, while visitors highlight the need for improved accommodations and residential infrastructure. Based on these findings, three regeneration models are proposed: (1) the population influx model, promoting sustainable settlement and better living conditions; (2) the forest healing model, enhancing recreational and therapeutic functions of forest resources; and (3) the community happiness model, fostering economic and social sustainability. Results: Each model suggests specific pilot projects. The population influx model is demonstrated by Dumari Mountain Village in Pohang, focusing on new accommodation facilities and forest-based pro-grams. The forest healing model is exemplified by Jukpari Mountain Village in Yeongyang, utilizing its birch forest for healing spaces and residential improvements. The community happiness model applies to Noryuri Mountain Village in Sangju, aiming at facility renovations and community-led economic development. Conclusion: Beyond environmental improvements, mountain village regeneration must ensure economic and communal sustainability. Active support from both central and local governments, along with coordinated efforts from the Korea Forest Service and related institutions, is essential. This study pro-vides a foundation for future policies in Gyeongsangbuk-do, contributing to strategies for countering regional population decline and fostering sustainable rural development.