A Structural Analysis of Ecological Resources and Visitor Pressure in Provincial Parks

Purpose: This study aims to identify the structural relationships between ecological resources and visitor pressure across 29 provincial parks in Korea. The analysis further seeks to compare characteristics across park types and derive management implications based on identified patterns. Given the wide variation in resource conditions and limited existing research, an integrated evaluation of ecological value and visitor infrastructure was required. Method: Excluding one DMZ-adjacent park, 29 provincial parks were classified into four types—mountain , urban, coastal, and wetland. Indicators of ecological resources and visitor pressure were compiled and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. This approach enabled a comprehensive assessment of re-source distributions, inter-type differences, and structural linkages among variables. Results: Mountain-type parks exhibited the highest levels of ecological richness and visitor infrastructu re, while coastal and wetland parks showed comparatively lower values. Strong positive correlations were identified among major indicators, including plant–animal species richness, trail length–segment count, and budget–staff capacity. These findings indicate that resources, use, and management systems operate in interdependent rather than isolated forms. Conclusion: Ecological resources and visitor pressure differed significantly across park types, and clear structural linkages were observed among indicators. These results suggest the need for differentiated, type-specific management strategies rather than uniform approaches. Integrated systems connecting budget, staffing, and facilities were found to be essential for efficient park management.