Reasonable Expectations of Privacy in the Context of Major Public Health Emergencies: Between Intelligent Technologies and Normative Governance

重大公共卫生突发事件语境下的合理隐私期待：智能技术与规范治理之间

Based on the important role of big data in the management of sudden public health emergencies, governments around the world tend to use modern intelligent technology to improve the prevention and control effect of public health crises. The progress of intelligent technology facilitates the prevention and control of public health emergencies, but it also leads to the lag of normative governance behind the technological practice, which makes privacy constantly under threat of invasion. The conflict between the huge value of personal information and privacy protection, the conflict between the reasonable expectation of privacy and the real intelligent technology environment, as well as the technical loopholes in the form of big data management, all become the dilemma of privacy protection. Therefore, it is necessary to upgrade the legal norms while upgrading the reverse technology, and to change the principle of right protection while opening the technical black box.In terms of norms, we should start from the height of interest measurement and value selection, follow the principle of rule of law, the principle of legitimacy and the principle of public interest priority, and construct the corresponding conflict balance mechanism.From the perspective of data security, from the five links of data and information flow, real-time monitoring and evaluation of network public opinion, upgrading the control of identity authentication authority, and increasing the strength of information release and audit, to achieve effective prevention and control of public health emergencies.

基于大数据在突发公共卫生事件治理中的重要作用，世界各国政府往往借助现代智能技术提升公共卫生危机的防控成效。智能技术的进步在促进公共卫生应急防控的同时，也使规范治理相对滞后于技术实践，导致隐私持续面临被侵扰的风险。个人信息巨大价值与隐私保护之间的冲突、合理隐私期待与现实智能技术环境之间的冲突，以及以大数据治理形式呈现的技术漏洞，共同构成隐私保护的困境。因此，有必要在推进技术升级的同时同步完善法律规范，并在“打开技术黑箱”的基础上调整权利保护的原则。就规范层面而言，应从利益衡量与价值选择的高度出发，遵循法治原则、合法性原则与公共利益优先原则，构建相应的冲突平衡机制。就数据安全层面而言，应围绕数据与信息流动的五个环节，通过对网络舆情的实时监测与评估、强化身份认证权限控制、加大信息发布与审核力度等措施，实现对重大公共卫生突发事件的有效防控。