基层减负导向下形式主义的表现追踪与治理之道

The Manifestations and Governance Approaches of Formalism Under the Guidance of Grassroots Burden Reduction

Formalism is a chronic problem that has long plagued grassroots governance. It not only consumes administrative resources and drains the energy of cadres, but also undermines the relationship between the Party and the masses and hinders governance efficiency. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee has prioritized rectifying formalism to alleviate the burden on grassroots units, achieving phased results, yet the stubbornness and variability of formalism remain prominent. From the perspective of reducing the burden on grassroots levels, this paper systematically sorts out five specific manifestations of current formalism at the grassroots level: ritualistic formalism, policy non-implementation formalism, formalism caused by misplaced view of political achievements, buck-passing formalism, and “fingertip” formalism. The study delves into the root causes of its emergence and spread from three dimensions: ideological concepts, institutional mechanisms, and technological application, pointing out the combined effects of factors such as misplaced view of political achievements, path dependence, biased assessment orientation, imbalance between power and responsibility, and digital alienation. On this basis, it proposes a governance approach integrating “breaking”, “establishing” and “governing”: break the transmission chain by reforming the assessment mechanism and clarifying the boundaries of power and responsibility; lay the foundation for long-term effectiveness by strengthening top-level design, enabling digital empowerment and establishing a correct view of political achievements; foster a synergy for governance through vertical coordination, smooth feedback channels and leading by example from higher-level authorities. The paper aims to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for building a normalized and long-term governance mechanism, effectively alleviating the burden on grassroots units, and improving the modernization level of governance.

形式主义是长期困扰基层治理的顽疾，不仅消耗行政资源、侵蚀干部精力，更损害党群关系、阻滞治理效能。党的十八大以来，党中央将整治形式主义为基层减负摆在突出位置，取得阶段性成效，但其顽固性、变异性依然突出。本文基于基层减负视角，系统梳理当前形式主义在基层的五类具体表现：仪式性、政策空转式、政绩观错位式、甩锅式及“指尖上”的形式主义。研究从思想观念、体制机制与技术应用三个维度深挖其滋生蔓延的根源，指出政绩观错位、路径依赖、考核导向偏差、权责失衡、数字异化等因素的综合作用。在此基础上，提出“破”“立”“治”相结合的治理路径：通过改革考核机制、厘清权责“破”除传导链条；通过强化顶层设计、数字赋能、树立正确政绩观“立”长效之基；通过上下联动、畅通反馈、以上率下“治”理合力。文章旨在为构建常态化、长效化治理机制，切实为基层松绑减负、提升治理现代化水平提供理论参照与实践指引。