文化领导权：从葛兰西到赛义德的审视

Cultural Hegemony: An Examination from Gramsci to Said

Based on his own revolutionary practice, Gramsci explained the important role of cultural hegemony in proletarian revolution in his “Prison Notes”, forming a systematic theory of it. Said analyzed and criticized western hegemony based on the demand to resist Western cultural colonization, and formed his own theory on dissolving cultural hegemony. There are similarities and differences between the two theories: On the one hand, it reflects the common understanding of social revolution between Gramsci and Said. On the other hand, it reveals the differences in the context and understanding of the essence of culture proposed by the two theories, thus forming two paths towards cultural hegemony.

葛兰西基于自己的革命实践，在《狱中札记》中解释了文化领导权在无产阶级革命中的重要作用，形成了系统性的文化领导权理论。赛义德根据对抗西方文化殖民的要求，分析与批判西方的文化霸权，形成了自己关于消解文化霸权的理论。两种关于文化领导权的理论存在异同之处，一方面体现了葛兰西与赛义德对于社会革命一些共同的认识，另一方面反映了二者理论提出的语境以及对文化本质理解的差异，由此形成对待文化领导权的两种路径。