数据要素全民共享的人民性阐释与实践路径研究

Research on the People-Centered Interpretation and Practical Pathways of Universal Sharing of Data Elements

The digital economy has emerged as the core engine driving global economic development, with data elements elevating to a pivotal production factor. Their allocation and revenue distribution exert a profound impact on the structure of social interests. A critical new frontier in realizing the sharing of economic achievements by the people lies in ensuring that the data value generated by massive users is returned to the public, rather than being monopolized by a handful of platforms. Focusing on data elements as a novel production factor in the digital era, this study takes Marxist theory of production factors as its theoretical foundation to deeply expound the people-centered essential core of universal sharing of data elements. It further analyzes its inherent consistency with Marxist doctrines concerning the ownership of means of production, the distribution of surplus value, and the free and all-round development of human beings. Concurrently, addressing the practical challenges in current data element sharing—including ambiguous ownership definition, unbalanced distribution, and weakened publicness—this paper explores practical pathways for universal sharing of data elements from three dimensions: institutional construction, technological empowerment, and multi-subject collaboration. This research aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for enabling the fruits of digital economic development to benefit all people and highlighting the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.

数字经济成为全球经济发展核心引擎，数据要素跃升为关键生产要素，其配置与收益分配深刻影响社会利益格局，如何确保海量用户的数据价值反馈给人民，而不是被少数平台垄断，这是实现经济成果由人民共享的新战场。聚焦数据要素这一数字时代新型生产要素，以马克思主义生产要素理论为理论根基，深入阐释数据要素全民共享的人民性本质内核，剖析其与马克思主义关于生产资料占有、剩余价值分配及人的自由全面发展理论的内在契合性。同时，结合当前数据要素共享实践中存在的权属界定模糊、分配失衡、公共性弱化等现实问题，从制度构建、技术赋能、主体协同三个维度，探索数据要素全民共享的实践路径，为推动数字经济发展成果惠及全体人民、彰显中国特色社会主义制度优势提供理论支撑与实践指引。