新质生产力赋能生育支持体系与女性劳动力价值重塑——基于劳动力再生产理论的政治经济学分析

New-Quality Productivity Empowering the Fertility Support System and Reshaping the Value of Female Labor: A Political Economic Analysis Based on the Theory of Labor Reproduction

At present, China is facing the dual predicaments of low fertility rate and hindered professional development of women, the core crux of which lies in the structural rise of the reproduction cost of labor power. Based on Marxist theory of “two kinds of production” and the theory of labor reproduction, and adopting the analytical paradigm of political economy, this paper explores the internal logic and realization paths of how new-quality productivity empowers the fertility support system and reshapes the value of female labor. The study finds that through the triple mechanisms of transforming the material and technological foundation, innovating organizational forms and adjusting production relations, new-quality productivity shortens the necessary labor time for childcare, promotes the socialization of childcare services, and optimizes the allocation of public resources, thereby breaking the predicament of the “motherhood penalty” and realizing the transformation of female labor from the single value form of “population reproducer” to the dual value form of “high-quality laborer + high-quality caregiver.” Meanwhile, there are risks and challenges such as the digital divide, algorithmic control and the boundary of emotional ethics in the process of technological empowerment. This paper proposes that it is necessary to build a fertility-friendly society driven by new-quality productivity through the coordinated measures of inclusive technological supply, institutional innovation and guarantee, and cultural and ethical reshaping, so as to transform technological dividends into dual benefits of gender equality and sustainable population development.

当前我国面临低生育率与女性职业发展受阻的双重困境，其核心症结在于劳动力再生产成本的结构性攀升。本文基于马克思主义“两种生产”理论与劳动力再生产理论，运用政治经济学分析范式，探讨新质生产力赋能生育支持体系与女性劳动力价值重塑的内在逻辑与实现路径。研究发现，新质生产力通过物质技术基础变革、组织形式革新与生产关系调适三重机制，缩短育儿必要劳动时间、推动育儿服务社会化、优化公共资源配置，进而破解“母职惩罚”困境，实现女性劳动力从“单一人口再生产者”向“高素质劳动者+高质量陪伴者”的双重价值形态转型。同时，技术赋能过程中存在数字鸿沟、算法控制与情感伦理边界等风险挑战。本文提出，需通过技术普惠供给、制度创新保障与文化伦理重塑的协同举措，构建新质生产力驱动的生育友好型社会，推动技术红利转化为性别平等与人口可持续发展的双重收益。