公安院校与普通院校大学生反诈认知差异及优化路径探索

Research on Differences in Anti-fraud Cognition Between Students of Police Colleges and Ordinary Universities and the Exploration of Optimization Paths

Telecom and online fraud crimes pose a serious threat to the property and even personal safety of college students. There are significant differences in anti-fraud literacy between students from police colleges and those from ordinary universities, and different groups require differentiated publicity approaches. To explore the specific differences in anti-fraud cognition between these two groups, this study employs questionnaire surveys combined with relevant theoretical frameworks, and conducts a comparative analysis from three dimensions: knowledge reserve, information channels, and awareness and behavior. The results show that, in terms of knowledge reserve, students from police colleges demonstrate more accurate and comprehensive understanding of fraud, particularly in the legal dimension, whereas students from ordinary universities have relatively superficial and fragmented knowledge. Regarding information acquisition channels, police college students benefit from both theoretical instruction and practical training, while students from ordinary universities mainly rely on campus-based and online publicity, resulting in differences in both breadth and effectiveness of information access. In terms of awareness and behavior, police college students exhibit stronger initiative in antifraud practices; however, both groups show cognitive blind spots when confronted with emerging and complex fraud schemes. The findings suggest that existing anti-fraud publicity and education approaches lag behind the rapidly evolving nature of fraud tactics. Therefore, universities should shift from a model of general dissemination to one of targeted and precise communication. For ordinary universities, scenario-based education and reinforcement of psychological memory should be strengthened; for police colleges, emphasis should be placed on emerging fraud patterns to address practical shortcomings. Overall, efforts should be made to build a more efficient anti-fraud publicity system in higher education institutions.

电信网络诈骗犯罪严重威胁大学生财产安全甚至是生命安全。公安院校与普通院校学生在反诈素养上存在着明显差异，而不同的对象需要不同的“被宣传”方式。为探究两类学生群体在反诈认知层面的具体差异，本研究通过问卷调查及结合专门理论，从知识储备、信息渠道、意识行为三个维度，对公安院校与普通院校大学生的反诈认知进行了数据比较与分析。结果显示：在知识储备方面，公安院校学生对法律维度的诈骗的认知更为精准全面，而普通院校学生对反诈的认识相对较浅，掌握的知识相对零散；在信息获取渠道方面，公安院校具有理论教学与实习实战的双重优势，而普通院校则主要依赖校内、网络宣传，信息获取的广度与效果存在差异；在意识行为方面，公安院校学生的反诈主动性强于普通院校学生，但两类学生在面对新型复杂骗局时均存在认知盲区。综合调查结果可知，现有反诈宣传教育方式应对迭代升级的诈骗手段存在滞后性。高校的反诈宣传工作应秉持“通识普及”转向“精准滴灌”的理念，对于普通院校，需加强场景化宣传教育，强化心理记忆；对于公安院校，应聚焦新型诈骗内容，弥补现实短板，要推动高校构建更加高效的反诈宣传体系。