간호사 및 간호대학생의 문화적 역량에 관한 통합적 문헌고찰

An Integrated Review of Cultural Competence Among Nurses and Nursing Students

Purpose: This integrative review synthesized research on cultural competence among nurses and nursing students in Korea, focusing on study characteristics, research designs, key variables, and measurement tools, to inform future research and educational program development. Methods: Korean academic databases (RISS, ScienceON) were searched using the keywords nursing student and cultural competence. Studies published between 2014 and 2024 in Korea Citation Index-listed journals were included. After applying eligibility criteria, 38 studies were initially identified, and after merging one study that had been inadvertently double-counted, 37 studies were included in the final analysis. Study quality was appraised using the Study Quality Rating Scale, and characteristics were analyzed using an established nursing research trend framework. Results: Descriptive survey studies were most common (75.7%), followed by experimental studies (16.2%); literature review/meta-analysis, methodological, and qualitative studies each accounted for one study (2.7% each). Cultural competence was most frequently studied alongside empathy, multicultural efficacy, multicultural awareness/attitude, and nursing professionalism, showing consistent positive correlations with these variables. Multicultural education and contact experience were repeatedly identified as significant influencing factors. Educational interventions, including team-based learning, action-learning, and short-term overseas volunteer programs, generally improved cultural competence, though causal and mediating pathways remain underexplored. Only one domestically developed measurement instrument existed, and most studies relied on convenience samples from one to three universities. Conclusion: Cultural competence among Korean nursing students is closely tied to empathy and multicultural attitudes/efficacy, but evidence remains dominated by descriptive, cross-sectional studies with limited generalizability. Future research should prioritize experimental and longitudinal designs, standardized domestic measurement tools, multi-institutional sampling, and qualitative approaches.